This book, the only one of its kind on ravine lands, reflects the significant advances made over the past two decades in our understanding of gully erosion, its controlling factors, and various aspects of gully erosion. It also addresses central research gaps and unanswered questions, which include historical studies on gully erosion to better understand the different stages of their formation; appropriate measuring techniques for monitoring or assessing the geological and hydrological parameters and processes involved in gully development; interaction of hydrological and other soil degradation processes; ecology and biodiversity of fragile ravines; impact of climate and environmental changes on soil erosion processes; development of effective and reliable gully erosion models; effective gully prevention and control measures; watershed-based management options; and ravine rehabilitation policies.

The present book is a highly timely publication and deals with various aspects ofravine ecology and rehabilitation of degraded lands, particularly with the aid of biological approaches. As such, it offers a valuable guide for all scientists working in the fields of soil conservation / rehabilitation and agroforestry, students, environmentalists, educationists, and policymakers. More importantly, it focuses on the rehabilitation of one of the worlds most degraded and fragile ecosystems, ensuring the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers and landless families living in harsh ecologies that are more vulnerable to climate change.

Dr Jagdish Chander Dagarhas been well recognized both nationally and internationally and grownprofessionally through strong pursuit inagricultural,ecological and agroforestry research which is evident from his more than 280 research papers published in peer-reviewed Journals, book chapters and papers in proceedings of conferences/symposia; 12 books authored/ edited; 10 research bulletins and more than 50 popular articles. He was the Assistant Director General at the head-quarters of ICAR and Emeritus Scientist. His research interest has been in the areas of biosaline agriculture, agroforestry, management of natural resources, rehabilitation of degraded lands, biodrainage, ethnobotany, plant ecology, climate change, sustainable agriculture and policy. Recognizing the research contributions, Dr Dagar has been conferred with several awards and honours: Sajjad Memorial Gold Medal, Hari Om Asharam Trust Award of ICAR, Swami Pranavananda Saraswati NationalAward of UGC, CSSRI Excellence Award on Soil Salinity& Water Management, and Dr KG Tejwani Award for Excellence in Agroforestry Research& Development. Further, he is Fellow of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Fellow& Life Member of several other professional societies: International Society of Tropical Ecology, Indian Botanical Society, National Institute of Ecology, Range Management Society of India, National Environmental Science Academy, Andaman Science Association, and Indian Society of Soil Salinity& Water Quality. He has also been consulting several national and international agencies such as FAO of UN, CIMMYT, and Haryana Forest Department. Dr Dagar has travelled in several countries in different capacities and had been member of several Research Advisory Committees and Management Committees of ICAR Institutes and Board of Studies in Universities. He is Chief Editor of Journal Soil Salinity& Water Quality and also active in social services.

Dr Anil Kumar Singh has been the Vice Chancellor of the Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Earlier he was the Deputy Director General (Natural Resource Management) in ICAR 2007-2012; Acting Director IARI 2005-2006; and Project Director, Water Technology Centre 1999-2007. His areas of research interest have been soil-water-nutrient-plant interactions, crop growth simulation, irrigation water management, and integrated watershed management. Dr Singh had been a DAAD Fellow at University of Hohenheim, Germany and served in IRRI between 1993 and 1995. He is Fellow of several professional Societies including National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Dr Singh is a recipient of several awards/hours: National Science Talent Scholarship, 1967-76; Gold Medal in MSc, 1972; IARI Best Teacher Award, 2005; Soil Conservation Society of India Gold Medal, 2006; Dr C Subramanium Outstanding Teacher Award, 2007-08; 10th Shri Hari Krishna Shastri Memorial Award,2009; and several Memorial Lecture Awards.

Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Ravines: Formation, Extent, Classification, Evolution and Measures of Prevention and Control.- Chapter 3. Perspectives of Vegetation Ecology and Biodiversity for Management of Ravine Lands.- Chapter 4. Plant Biodiversity of Ravine Ecosystem: Opening New Vistas for Enhancing Productivity.- Chapter 5. Nutrient Management Strategies for Improving Soil Health and Productivity of Ravine Lands.- Chapter 6. Soil, Landscape and Nutrient Management of Ravine Areas for Enhancing Crop Productivity and Livelihood Security.- Chapter 7. Some Practices of Gully Rehabilitation in Central Brazil.- Chapter 8. Gully Erosion and Land Degradation in Brazil: A Case Study from São Luís Municipality, Maranhão State.- Chapter 9 Technological Interventions for Managing Ravine Lands for   Livelihood and Environmental Security.- Chapter 10. Formation, Control and Management of Deep (Chambal) Ravine: An Energy Concept.- Chapter 11. Management of Chambal Ravines for Income Enhancement.- Chapter 12.  Reclamation of Ravine Lands for Higher Production.- Chapter 13. Soil and Water Conservation in Ravinous Watersheds: Case Studies from Uttar Pradesh in India.- Chapter 14. Agroforestry Potential for Higher Productivity from Degraded Ravine Watersheds.- Chapter 15. Forest and Fruit Trees-based Agroforestry Systems for Productive Utilization of Ravine Lands.- Chapter 16. Silvopastoral System: A Key Component for Rehabilitation of Ravine Lands.- Chapter 17. Bamboo-based bio-engineering Interventions for Rehabilitation and High Productivity of Ravine Lands.- hapter 18.  Leucaena leucocephala: A leguminous tree suitable for eroded habitats of Hawaiian  Islands.- Chapter 19. Ravines - Prospective Zone for Carbon Sequestration.- Chapter 20. Carbon Sequestration in Eroded and Ravinous Landscapes.- Chapter 21. Greening of Ravines: A Strategy for Viable Production and Mitigation to Climate Change.- Chapter 22. Management of Ravines through Anicuts and Afforestration.- Chapter 23. Rehabilitation of Degraded Eroded Lands in Semi-arid and Sub-humid Ecologies in India.- Chapter 24. Impact Assessment of Management Techniques Implemented in Chambal-Ravines, Madhya Pradesh, India.- Chapter 25. Modelling Soil Erosion by Water.- Chapter 26. Gender Challenges and Socio-economic Strategies for Livelihood Security in Ravine Areas.- Chapter 27. Socio-economic and Conservation Measures in Ravine-affected Areas of Gujarat: Policy Interventions.- Chapter 28.  Greening Ravine Lands: Policy Issues and Way Forward.